Model Pendekatan Pelaksanaan Tugas Kesehatan Keluarga Berbasis Implementasi GERMAS Terhadap Perubahan Status Kesehatan Dan Kolesterol Pada Pasien Hipertensi

Abstract

Hypertension is a medical condition in which there is a chronic (long term) increase in blood pressure that exceeds 140/90 mmHg. According to data from the Jatirejo District Health Center. Mojokerto in 2018, the number of hypertension sufferers was 2,743 families. Based on data in Mojogeneng village, there were 164 households, only 64 of them had routine treatment, while in Bleberan village there were 228 families, and only 64 of them had routine treatment. This objective is to explain the effect of germas implementation on changes in health and cholesterol status in hypertensive patients. The research design was quasi-experimental with a nonrandomized pre-test - post-test control group design. The population in this study were families with hypertension sufferers. The number of samples of 100 patients divided into 50 patients in the control group and 50 patients in the treatment group. Examination of health status variables, blood pressure and cholesterol checks, was carried out before and after implementation. Statistical analysis using the T-test, Mann-whitney test, and Wilcoxson test. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences before and after the implementation of GERMAS behavior in the treatment group for health status, diastolic systolic blood pressure, and cholesterol with P values of 0.001, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.042 respectively. As for the control group, the results of statistical analysis before and after the implementation of conventional behavior showed that there were significant differences for health status and diastolic blood pressure with P values of 0.046 and 0.035 respectively, while for systolic blood pressure and cholesterol there were no significant differences with each. P values 0.000 and 0.433. Of this study proved that the implementation of germas can improve health status, lower blood pressure, and reduce cholesterol levels.
Keywords: GERMAS implementation; health status; blood pressure; cholesterol; hypertension

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi merupakan kondisi medis dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah secara kronis (jangka waktu yang lama) yaitu melebihi 140/90 mmHg. Menurut data dari puskesmas Jatirejo Kab. Mojokerto tahun 2018, jumlah penderita hipertensi 2.743 KK. Berdasarkan data di desa Mojogeneng sebanyak 164 KK, yang berobat rutin hanya 64 KK, sedangkan di desa Bleberan sebanyak 228 KK, yang berobat rutin hanya 64 KK. Tujuan ini adala menjelaskan pengaruh implementasi germas terhadap perubahan status kesehatan dan kolesterol pada pasien hipertensi. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasi-experimental dengan bentuk nonrandomized pre test – post test control group design. Populasi pada penelitian adalah keluarga dengan penderita hipertensi. Jumlah sample 100 pasien yang terbagi dalam 50 pasien kelompok control dan 50 pasien kelompok perlakuan. Pemeriksaan variable status kesehatan, pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan kolesterol, dilaksanakan sebelum dan sesudah implementasi. Analisis statistik menggunakan T-test, Mann-whitney test, dan Wilcoxson test. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah implementasi perilaku GERMAS pada kelompok perlakuan untuk status kesehatan, tekanan darah systole diastole, dan kolesterol dengan masing-masing nilai P adalah 0,001, 0,000, 0,000, dan 0,042. Adapun untuk kelompok kontrol, hasil analisis statistik sebelum dan sesudah implementasi perilaku konvensional menunjukkan ada perbedaan bermakna untuk status kesehatan dan tekanan darah diastole dengan masing-masing nilai P 0,046 dan 0,035, sedangkan untuk tekanan darah sistole dan kolesterol tidak ada perbedaan bermakna dengan masing-masing nilai P 0,000 dan 0,433. Kesimpulan penelitian ini terbukti bahwa dengan implementasi germas dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan, menurunkan tekanan darah, dan menurunkan kadar kolesterol.
Kata kunci: implementasi GERMAS; status kesehatan; tekanan darah; kolesterol; hipertensi