Pengaruh Health Belief Model terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Masker Selama Masa Pandemi Covid di Kelurahan Situ Kabupaten Sumedang

Abstract

 Covid-19 is a global pandemic with cases increasing every day. Since March 2020 this pandemic has continued to spread to various countries including Indonesia and spread to various regions. Situ Village as one of the areas in North Sumedang is the area with the most Covid-19 cases in Sumedang, The spread of Covid-19 through air droplets can be prevented through the use of masks, Individual compliance depends on public health behavior towards the recommended behavior, which is the community's response to the program known as the Health Belief Model. The purpose of this study was to determine the components of the Health Belief Model on compliance with the use of masks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Situ Village, Sumdeng Regency. This type of research was analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population of this research was the Situ village community aged 19-45 years with a sample of 100 people determined by the slovin formula. The analysis used was descriptive, bivariate with Spearman's range, and multivariate with multiple regression test. The results of the analysis show that the factors of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit and compliance with using masks in the urban village community were in the high category, while the perceived barrier and self efficacy were in the low category. Where 3 components affected compliance with the use of masks, namely perceived susceptibility (0.002), severity (0.000) and benefit (0.000). The most dominant variable was perceived benefit (0.362). The results of this study were known to have an influence between the perceived susceptibility, severity and benefit variables on compliance with the use of masks and the most dominant factor influencing is the perceived benefit factor.

Keywords: health belief model; compliance with wearing mask; Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRAK

Covid-19 menjadi pandemi global dengan peningkatan kasus setiap harinya. Sejak maret 2020 pandemi ini terus meluas ke berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia dan menyebar ke berbagai daerah. Kelurahan Situ sebagai salah satu daerah di Sumedang Utara menjadi daerah terbanyak kasus Covid-19 di Sumedang, Penuluran Covid-19 melalui droplet udara dapat dicegah melalui penggunaan masker. Kepatuhan individu bergantung pada perilaku kesehatan masyarakat terhadap perilaku yang disarankan yang merupakan respon masyarakat terhadap program preventif yang dikenal sebagai Health Belief Model. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komponen Health Belief Model terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan masker selama masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kelurahan Situ Kabupaten Sumdeng. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat kelurahan Situ berusia 19-45 tahun dengan jumlah sampel 100 orang yang ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu univariat, bivariat dengan range spearman, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor perceived susceptibility,severity,benefit dan kepatuhan menggunakan masker masyarakat kelurahan situ berada di kategori tinggi, sementara perceived barrier dan self efficacy di kategori rendah, dimana 3 komponen berpengaruh pada kepatuhan penggunaan masker yaitu perceived susceptibility (0,002), severity (0,000) dan benefit (0,000). Variabel paling dominan adalah perceived benefit β (0,362). Hasil penelitian ini diketahui ada pengaruh antara variabel perceived susceptibility, severity dan benefit terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan masker dan faktor yang paling dominan berpengaruh adalah faktor perceived benefit.

Kata kunci: health belief model; kepatuhan menggunakan masker; pandemi Covid-19